3 – Other Fraud – Card-Present Environment. ISD pinpoints and evaluates specific chargebacks by their source rather than their reason code. “The fact that the U. If you receive a chargeback, it is imperative to review the provided reason code so you can take actionable steps to avoid future chargebacks, especially for the same reason. Visa Merchant Official. Visa has three merchant chargeback threshold categories: Early warning – allows 75 chargebacks and a 0. Excessive Chargebacks: The merchant exceeded established chargeback thresholds. 2 — EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud. Merchants are liable for any fraudulent activities that happen after swiping a customer’s EMV card (instead of processing a chip and pin transaction). 76 - Incorrect Currency or Transaction Code or * Domestic Processing Violation. What is Mastercard chargeback reason code 4812? Mastercard chargeback reason code 4812 falls under the “Authorization” category. 1 applies when the issuing bank receives the same transaction more than one time. transactions with a CPD before 1 October 2017. Other Ineligible Transactions Under Reason Code 62, Condition 2 . It is likely that card “shimmers,” or EMV skimmers, were involved in most of these reported scams. Overview. Payments. Here's a rundown of the most common decline codes: 51 - Insufficient funds: At the time authorization was requested, the customer’s account did not have sufficient funds to cover the transaction. Which fraud reason codes will be included in EMV Liability Shift? How are Lost/Stolen transactions affected? A. Be aware that Cartes Bancaires chargebacks with reason code 45 are not defendable. These reason codes are a standardized list of reasons that a customer and/or their bank may file credit card chargebacks. Only use EMV-compliant terminals. Corresponding Retrieval Reference Numbers mapped for the same Card Number and ARN in Chargeback application. 10. Automate Tasks & Streamline Processes Let Midigator remove complexities and improve the efficiency of your chargeback management strategy. 3 No Authorization. 1: EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit FraudPreventing chargeback Reason Code 62. 10. What if the terminal cannot read the chip on a card? 9. When you get one of these response codes, you’re going to have to ask the customer to provide a different payment method: 5 - Do Not Honor. It is subject to change and may not include every currently known dispute reason code. 3 – Other Fraud, Card-Present Environment. 5. For the most accurate list of reason codes visit the library on our main website here. Reason codes often change or are removed by the card brands. Visa chargeback reason code 10. 3: Other Fraud — Card Present Environment:Chargebacks: Your Guide to Reducing Hassle and Cost. The most comprehensive guide to chargeback reason codes. 3. 10. Reason Code – 10. 1: Fraud (10) EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud: 10. 1 - EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud Chargeback Reason Codes / Visa / 10. Chargeback /Dispute; Merchant Response. EMV compliance is an industry standard, but there is no law in the United States that requires businesses to be EMV compliant. You can also view your latest chargebacks. Code 4807 was used to cover various authorization-related. 1 Category Fraud Workflow Allocation DESCRIPTION Why did I receive this dispute? The cardholder has a chip card and someone made a counterfeit copy of it. The VFMP and the VDMP each have three categories: standard, high-risk, and excessive. issuers must not initiate chargebacks for any AFD or ATM transactions outside the U. The chargeback is ordered by the bank that issued the consumer's payment card. To help merchants understand the underlying issue of each chargeback, American Express has created specific chargeback reason codes to help business owners interpret chargebacks. Fraud Reason Codes Current Reason Code New VCR Reason Code 62(2) 10. 1 – EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud Dispute Code 10. 3: Other Fraud Card Present:The first of such announcements came from Visa in a June 16th press release, which detailed counterfeit chargeback policy changes benefiting merchants. 2022 Visa Chargeback. 1 - EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud: The cardholder claims the transaction you processed was authorised without their knowledge. Reason Code Reason. Mastercard specifies 21 reason codes under the categories of Fraud, Authorization, Point-of-Interaction Error, and Cardholder Disputes. 00. These are only a handful of common Visa chargeback reason codes. Chargeback Reason Codes Fraud – Card-Not-Present (CNP) Network Reason Code Bank Initiation Timeframe Accel 81 120 calendar days from transaction processing date American Express FR2, F14, F24, F29 120 calendar days from transaction processing date Discover 4752 AA, 7030 UA02 Within 30 calendar days from the close date of the TRRAmerican Express Chargebacks / Disputes. It is associated with a chargeback reason code, and it is specific per Card Scheme. 1 Quick Reference Lead. If you haven’t upgraded to EMV-compliant terminals and a counterfeit card is used fraudulently, first you must refund the charges to the. Speakers from MasterCard, Vantiv, Visa, Woodforest National Bank Princeton Junction, N. Ready to Start Preventing. 6. Other Fraud—Card Absent Environment. 10. Once filed, the merchant generally has 20. S. S. Pro Tip: Prepare a chargeback representment template that you can edit per incoming disputes, and be sure to include. 4812 Account Number Not On File. Authorisation. Midigator has created a database of reason codes. These symbols stand for reasons why a financial institution may file a credit card chargeback from their client’s name. American Express chargeback reason code F10 falls under the “Fraud” category. 10. That said, the code is still operation, at least for now. For gas stations, the EMV liability shift was repeatedly delayed until it eventually went into effect in 2021. And though each unique network has their own set of codes, they all exist to do one thing: tell merchants and their acquiring banks what the “reason” behind the chargeback was. Indicates whether the Europay, MasterCard, and Visa (EMV) data was submitted with the payment data. Step 3: Train your staff on how to process EMV transactions. also be liable for a chargeback resulting from lost-or-stolen fraud on contact transactions if: 1. [1]. In fact, 91. Typically, cardholders file a chargeback if they were not informed of dynamic currency conversion fees or were not given the option to complete the sale in their local currency. EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud. Proof that magnetic stripe or key entered data was used to complete the transaction and the “fallback” method was noted. There are many reasons why a chargeback occurs, with over 100 reason codes listed across the major credit card brands. They do this to prevent fraudulent and reckless merchants from abusing the system and causing consumers to lose confidence in the safety of. Step 1: Acquire an EMV-enabled terminal or point-of-sale system. Proof the transaction was key entered. American Express Chargebacks / Disputes. 5 Visa Fraud Monitoring Program Authorization Reason Codes Current Reason. Take a manual or electronic imprint of every card-present transaction. 195 Acquirer Use of Message Reason Code 7627-No MAC Provided. Reason Code 03. Acquirer Use of Message Reason Code 7623. 1 – Late Presentment 12 . When a customer presents their payment card to make a transaction, the terminal reads the card. The number of in-person fraud attacks attempted in the UK has dropped by 69% since 2004. When EMV 3DS authentication is applied to a CNP transaction and that transaction results in a chargeback reason code related to fraud, the liability is shifted from the10. Almost all customers make purchases online from time to time, and these days even physical retailers may process. 4846. Understanding these reason codes can help you identify the cause of the chargeback and take steps to prevent it from happening again in the future. ; Resources. 1 chargeback. Chargeback reason code 10. Use the correct CVM (Cardholder Verification Method). Transaction was approved by the Issuer knowing that the authentication data failed verification and was not reliable Transaction is not eligible for Reason Code 75 or 83: 9List and additional information about all reason codes by card brand. Category. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. 4 – Other Fraud-Card Absent Environment 10 . S. Once filed, the merchant generally has 20. Chargeback reason code 10. There is a 15-day waiting period for chargebacks on items that were returned but not refunded. It issues them a credit card and manages their account. Last updated: October 15, 2019 . This is an arguable chargeback code because a merchant. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. Select a tab to see the possible reason codes for each dispute event category, divided by scheme. For most retailers, the EMV liability shift occurred in 2015. Merchants who receive a chargeback for a transaction placed with an American Express card may encounter reason code F29, which indicates an unauthorized transaction that the cardholder does not believe they should be responsible for paying. So the company has more incentive to side with customer during cardholder disputes. Pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act of 1974, cardholders have the right to dispute unauthorized or erroneous charges, and issuing banks must reverse a disputed transaction if the cardholder’s claim is valid. Amex uses the same four main categories as Visa to organize its reason codes: Authorization, Card Member Disputes (which Visa refers to as Consumer Disputes), Fraud, and Processing Errors. 101. 10. See our Automated Clearing House (ACH) support article if you are looking for ACH Return Codes. This refers to the software program that controls the operating system and critical functions of the contactless payment terminal. Does EMV apply to Card Not Present(CNP) transactions? 10. A01 – Charge Amount Exceeds Authorization Amount. American Express, Discovering, Visa. ; Help Center Find answers to common questions about Midigator’s technology,. The exact reason for the increase is unknown, but some. 3 – No Authorization 12 . UA10 Request Transaction Receipt (swiped card transactions) UA11 Cardholder claims fraud (swiped transaction, no signature)The most comprehensive guide to chargeback reason codes. This equipment is designed to read the chip on a customer's card, which is a more secure way of processing transactions. Chargebacks for card-present transactions have jumped by 50% since the Oct. Use fallback options—like manually entering transaction data—as a last resort. ”. 4808 Authorization-Related Chargeback. When a transaction is declined, the specific code provides information about the reason for the decline. This rule will fully extend to Visa 3-D Secure 2. 5: Fraud (10) Visa Fraud Monitoring. WEX has repurposed chargeback reason code 10 to indicate EMV chargebacks. 3: Other Fraud — Card Present Environment: 10. Expired Chargeback Protection Period. Visa uses four main categories to organize its reason codes: Authorization, Card Member Disputes (which Visa refers to as Consumer Disputes), Fraud, and Processing Errors. The new codes, which can be found in our reason code guide, start with a two-digit number indicating which of Visa's four dispute categories it falls into: 10 — Fraud; 11 — Authorization; 12 — Processing Errors; 13 — Consumer Disputes; The Visa Claims. Chargeback reason codes (MasterCard only): 4870 Counterfeit. Reason code 1120 (Decline Authorization) and 1130 (No Authorization) –Issuers may initiate chargebacks when proper authorization has not been obtained for credit returns; Reason Codes 1010 (EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud) and 1030 (Other Fraud –Card Present Environment) –Visa will allow acquirers to provide additional types. To streamline the process and make things easier, credit card companies have developed chargeback reason codes. They were mandated by the Internal Revenue Service in 2004 to facilitate tax. 12. As the US market migrates to EMV chip, the fraud threat from criminals placing skimming devices on, or in, attended and unattended point-of–sale (POS) devices for the purpose of collecting payment card information, including PIN numbers, increases. This means that even if the consumer makes a purchase through a guest checkout, they can, if they use the same device, make a purchase as a guest without entering card or payment information. 2 – EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud 10 . Equally, U. The most comprehensive guide to chargeback reason codes. Take the time to note the following dispute reason codes for Visa. 4853 Cardholder Dispute. The EMV Liability Shift and Chargebacks. Condition 10. 3 – No Authorization. 2: Fraud (10) EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud: 10. 4853 – Cardholder Dispute – Goods or Services Not as Described or Defective. is not 100 percent chip-enabled has brought up many questions about new chargeback reason codes, when to charge back, if a chargeback is valid, and how to mitigate. The first liability shift went into effect in October 2015 and covered almost all card-present transactions except for those that take place at ATMs and gas pumps. For each reason code, a definition is provided along with the merchant’s actions—or failure to act—that may have caused the chargeback,Card-not-present chargeback. Evidence for Dispute Responses When Under VFMP. 54 - Expired Card. Card networks send these codes to merchants to indicate why a chargeback has been filed. Reason code 12. 10. Reason Code 04. Chargeback Reason Code 62—Counterfeit fraud pertains to the EMV liability shift. Whenever a chargeback is initiated, a code is passed through from the issuing bank that gives a reason for the dispute. If you want a more thorough explanation of a given reason code, you can find it in our reason code lookup tool. The Visa chargeback reason codings system underwent a major overhaul in May 2018 as part of their new Visa Claims Resolution (VCR) initiative. What follows is a quick reference guide for all the current reason codes for each of the four major credit card networks: Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover. 1: EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud: The cardholder is claiming that they did not authorise or participate in a transaction that you processed. However, when a reason code is used there is generally a surge in consumer retrieval. If the merchant is not EMV-compliant, the liability for a fraudulent transaction shifts from the card issuer to the actual merchant. In this article, we will provide you with a comprehensive list of all Mastercard chargeback reason codes, and provide detailed explanations of each code, including potential causes and prevention. 1: EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit fraud; Visa Chargeback Code Condition 10. Reason Code Reason Description; 10. By entering your email, you agree to receive marketing emails from Shopify. To avoid this, never use the magnetic stripe on a card with an EMV chip. October 15th of 2021 marked the six-year anniversary of EMV implementation in the US, as well as the fraud liability shift which encouraged it. An acquiring bank or acquirer is the merchant's bank. 1 chargeback code is used when a counterfeit transaction has occurred and there has been an EMV liability shift. Each code corresponds to a specific issue or problem the customer has experienced with the purchase. Their use has been declining since EMV mandates went live in the US, but in 2022, researchers observed a sudden spike in skimmer-related scams. Chargeback Reason Code 62—Counterfeit fraud pertains to the EMV liability shift. The terminal was not EMV compliant. P08 – Duplicate Charge. Is there any chargeback reason code for EMV liability shift? 8. Reason codes for the chargeback with detailed explanation of what it means, how to dispute the chargeback, and how to avoid future disputes. 6 — Credit Not Processed. Despite being the smallest of the four major credit card companies, the list of Discover chargeback reason codes is extensive. 4: Counterfeit Europay, Mastercard, or Visa (EMV) card: F30: UA05 or UA06: 10. Of course, these safeguards were easy to defeat if you had a stolen card. 65 - Exceeds Withdrawal Frequency Limit. 4812 Account Number Not On File. Common Point of Purchase: Data stolen from a merchant’s system is used to make fraudulent transactions. 101. and the implementation of payment network counterfeit and lost/stolen fraud liability shifts, chargeback reason codes were established for (1) counterfeit, and (2) lost/stolen EMV chip card transactions covered by those chip liability shifts (CLS) ( “ LS chargebacks”). Obtain your complete guide toward and new Visa reason codes, including all the detailed information, chargeback type limits, and other important informations you necessity. MasterCard Chargeback Reason Codes: Authorization Issues (Codes 3000 - 3011) Authorization issues occur when a merchant fails to obtain proper authorization for a transaction or when the transaction amount exceeds the authorized amount. EMV is a. Let's take a look at what merchants need to know about QR code payments. The transaction utilized the EMV chip, the acquirer did not send the full set of EMV chip data to Visa when authorization was. The third digit indicates the specific reason within that category. 1 – Late Presentment 12 . A08 Authorization Approval Expired. Credit card chargeback reason codes broken down by Mastercard, Discover and American Express Visa chargeback reason codes. About Visa chargeback reason codes. S. They are provided to the. until 1 October 2017. France saw a drop of roughly 50% during the same period. Issuers will not have the ability to submit lost/stolen fraud chargebacks for chip-on-chip (contact or contactless) AFD transactions. Like we mentioned above, EMV technology encrypts the card information stored on the chip, substituting a unique token for each transaction. 4859 Addendum, No-show, or ATM Dispute. For gas stations, the shift was repeatedly delayed until it eventually took place on April 17, 2021. It was originally just one facet of legacy reason code 81. This is an independent consortium drawing its name from the three card brands—Europay, Mastercard, and Visa—that first launched the technology. 0 program activation date, merchants will notShe later changes her mind and cancels her order for which she didn’t receive the code. Chargeback Chargeback reason codes can be confusing, especially since each >> card network has their own designations. M01 Chargeback Authorization. It's easy to see why many merchants are reluctant to do business in a currency that can change value so quickly. The tickets were held at the box office, and no signature, swipe or imprint of the card was obtained when the tickets were released. For defects or “Not as Described” cause codes, the 120-day period may still apply, although “Day One” will vary depending on the circumstances. Visa chargeback reason code 10. Chargeback reason codes identify the general reason behind a chargeback. , Aug. Proof the magnetic stripe data was used to complete the transaction and the “fallback” method was noted on the authorization request. 2: EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud Visa Chargeback Code. Chargeback reason codes identify the general reason behind a chargeback. 1. 10. 1 EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud 81(3) 10. Counterfeit liability shift likely chargeback outcome tableGoods / Services Damaged or Defective. Eligible Chargeback Reason Codes . 2. All of Visa’s existing reason codes were condensed into four principal groupers: fraud, authorization bugs, handling errors, and customer. . Credit not processed – Reason code 85. 4808 – Authorization-Related Chargeback. P05 – Incorrect Charge Amount. 3: Fraud (10) Other Fraud – Card Present Environment: 10. 3 is part of an updated and expanded revision of the legacy codes that indicated fraud, codes which were phased out under the Visa Claims Resolution initiative. Proof you have already refunded the transaction and credited the cardholder’s account. F01. Visa Chargeback Reason Codes. S. 2 is an updated version of legacy Visa reason code 81, which was phased out under the Visa Claims Resolution initiative. American Express, Discovering, Visa. This code applies when a. Worst of all, fraudsters wouldn’t even need to steal your actual credit card. About Visa chargeback reason codes. Recognize. This could happen as a result of fraud or merchant abuse. EMV compliance is an industry standard, but there is no law in the United States that requires businesses to be EMV compliant. is not 100 percent chip enabled in terms of cards and acceptance terminals. Reason Code Reason Description; 45:. Signifyd’s Revenue Protection solution offers fraud screening services to help merchant subscribers protect against fraudulent or unauthorized activity with respect to certain e-commerce transactions, as classified by the applicable card processor’s chargeback reason codes and categories specified below. Cardholder Disputes. EMV service code must be 2XX or 6XX – if a value of 1XX has been authorized then this chargeback code could not be applied as the issuer has authorized a magnetic stripe transaction. Q. A reason code or a chargeback reason code is a string of symbols (numbers and letters). This generally means the transaction was processed without the official go-ahead. For your reference, here's a list of chargeback reason codes for Visa, Mastercard, Discover, and Amex. 4 – Other Fraud-Card Absent Environment. 1: The chargeback time limits may be altered if the resources were assumed to deliver after the execution time period of the payment also. R13 No Reply. 2 EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud; 10. twitter. If the merchant can provide documentation that the EMV chip was read—and that all of that data was transmitted to Visa—a reversal may be possible. Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 71: Disputed Amount. Despite that fact, AFD operators — those using merchant category code 5542 (automated fuel dispensers) or 5541 (service station) — were exempted from EMV liability rules for several years. About Visa chargeback reason codes. 4853 – Cardholder Dispute – Digital Goods Purchase of $25 or Less. The use of with EMV. M10 Vehicle Rental – Capital Damages. Investigate the transaction and provide evidence of EMV compliance. This makes purchases with chip cards much safer than magnetic stripe purchases. “The fact that the U. 2 EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud: Mastercard: 4870 - Chip Liability Shift 4871 - Chip/PIN Liability Shift: Discover: UA05 - Fraud Chip Card Counterfeit 4871 - Fraud Chip and Pin Transaction:Under reason code 85, the minimum transaction amount required to initiate chargeback should be at least $25. Visa’s process introduces four dispute categories and associated numerical labels (Fraud – 10, Authorization – 11, Processing Errors – 12, Consumer Disputes – 13) under which the renamed reason codes will be placed. The most common form of CNP transaction is an online purchase. What Are the Different Chargeback Reason Codes? There are over 100 chargeback reason codes. pdf), Text File (. The cardholder claims the payment activity was fraudulent and blames it on the merchant’s EMV terminal. Reason code 4870 – Chip Liability Shift; Reason code 4871 – Chip & PIN Liability Shift ; How can I actively prevent fraudulent chargebacks? Depending on your workflow or third-party integration use, it may curb chargeback risk to have your guest present payment upon pickup so that it can be processed by the more secure EMV chip. 5 – Visa Fraud Monitoring Program 11 . Under certain circumstances, Mastercard may allow consumers to reverse a payment card transaction by filing a. Additionally, Amex uses a fifth "Miscellaneous" category. The old-fashioned way of determining the root causes of your chargebacks involves comparing. Everyone from processors and card brands to local and federal governments has rules about how payments should be handled. Additionally, Amex uses a fifth "Miscellaneous" category. Chargeback reason code 4870 has to do with whether or not the merchant in question has installed and is using terminals that can accept EMV or “chip” payment cards. S. until 1 October 2017. April 2018_Chargeback Reason Code Encyclopedia. 1: EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud: 10. 2 EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud: Mastercard: 4870 - Chip Liability Shift 4871 - Chip/PIN Liability Shift: Discover: UA05 - Fraud Chip Card Counterfeit 4871 - Fraud Chip and Pin Transaction:The Mastercard chargeback reason codes were condensed down in 2016, like the process that Visa just underwent with Visa Claims Resolution. Issuers must not initiate a chargeback for magnetic-stripe (POS Entry Mode value of 90 or 02) transactions onCodes 51 (insufficient funds) and 05 (do not honor) are especially common. Overall, dCVV2 is a great new innovation in card-not-present fraud management. You could also end up submitting the wrong evidence, which will cost you time, money, and standing with the bank. Provide exemplary customer service. 4 Fraud – Card-Absent Environment. 2 – EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud 10 . Since then, if you don’t have or don’t use an EMV reader for a chip and pin transaction that is subsequently challenged, you will likely be on the hook for all the costs associated with a Code 10. Q. Reason codes are alphanumeric codes that provide the justification for granting a chargeback. . Select a tab to see the possible reason codes for each dispute event category, divided by scheme. Visa also overhauled its system of chargeback reason codes. 1 — EMV. Remember, you are 100% liable for EMV payments related chargebacks if you don’t adopt the technology. The most comprehensive guide to chargeback reason codes. The most comprehensive guide to chargeback reason codes. Cost. Therefore, as a merchant, you need to be careful when and how to initiate a chargeback dispute. The acquiring bank takes the transaction funds from the merchant’s account and sends them back to the issuer,. 2 – EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud . The shorthand description is “Warning Bulletin File. This reason code is not supposed to be used for contactless payments, digital wallet payments, or charges that qualify for the “No PIN” program. The decision to accept EMV chip card payments is yours as the owner of your business. 10. Your chargeback response must include at least one of the following items: If the purchase was a card-not-present transaction, provide proof the dispute is invalid. It was originated from Europe, and it has been used around the globe since then. 10. 2 is an updated version of legacy Visa reason code 81, which was phased out under the Visa Claims Resolution initiative. Other Fraud — Card Absent Environment. Cardholders and card issuers can place disputes on transactions for a variety of reasons including product returns, defects, cancelled reservations, and card processing errors. It’s designed to help reduce. Authorization Reason Codes. 4853 Cardholder Dispute. The terminal was not EMV compliant. Remember, you are 100% liable for EMV payments related chargebacks if you don’t adopt the technology. Additionally, Amex uses a fifth "Miscellaneous" category. 02, 2016 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- With the U. 2 - EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud. reasonable and that the transaction did not exceed this amount range. S. No. Chargeback reason code 4871 has to do with whether or not the merchant in question has installed and is using terminals that can accept EMV or “chip” payment cards. 2 – EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud. As the technology is advancing, payment options such as virtual cards, EMV, and. When a chargeback is filed, a bank selects the code. P03 – Credit Processed as Charge. The payment environment of your business needs to grow and provide a good experience to customers and the business itself. A chargeback reason code may display a chargeback related to fraud, processing errors, consumer disputes, or a variety of other reasons. Learn about the different chargeback reason codes and what they mean. 10. A chargeback reason code is a 2-to-4-digit alphanumeric code provided by the issuing bank involved in a chargeback, which is meant to identify the reason for the dispute. EMV: No. Amex uses the same four main categories as Visa to organize its reason codes: Authorization, Card Member Disputes (which Visa refers to as Consumer Disputes), Fraud, and Processing Errors. George goes to an ice cream place and orders bars for all his friends. When they do, you’ll be given an. 10. Chargeback Reason Code 62—Counterfeit fraud pertains to the EMV liability shift.